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When the lathe is a front tool rest, the x-axis is forward and points to the operator. When the lathe is a rear tool rest, the x-axis is facing backward and away from the operator.
The lathe coordinate system is a zox axis rectangular coordinate system established with the lathe origin as the origin of the coordinate system.
The origin of the machine tool (also known as the mechanical origin) is the origin of the lathe coordinate system. It is a fixed point on the lathe. Its position is determined by the lathe design and manufacturing unit. It is generally not allowed to be changed by the user.
The lathe reference point is also a fixed point on the lathe. It is the limit position to limit the movement of the tool rest with mechanical blocks or electrical devices. The function of the lathe reference point is to position the lathe coordinate system. Because the system sets the current position to (0, 0) no matter where the tool rest stays after each startup, which will lead to inconsistent benchmarks. After starting the CNC lathe, it is first necessary to return to the reference point (also known as zero point). After the lathe is powered on and before returning to the reference point, the coordinate values of Z and X displayed on the CRT are 0, regardless of the position of the tool rest. Only after the operation of returning to the reference point is completed, the tool rest moves to the lathe reference point. At this time, the CRT displays the coordinate value of the tool rest reference point in the lathe coordinate system, that is, the lathe coordinate system is established.
The workpiece can be clamped at any position in the lathe coordinate system by the chuck during NC lathe machining. This makes programming in the lathe coordinate system very inconvenient. Therefore, programmers usually choose a workpiece coordinate system, also known as the programming coordinate system, when writing the part processing program. The coordinate values in the program are based on the workpiece coordinate system.
The origin of the workpiece coordinate system can be determined by the programmer according to the specific situation, and is generally set at the design reference or process reference of the drawing. According to the characteristics of CNC lathe, the origin of workpiece coordinate system is usually set at the center of the left and right end faces of workpiece or the center of the front end face of chuck.
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